Insights

Sparta was indeed a very brutal dictatorial state based on aristocracy and oligarchy in its purest form. It proved to be the best example of cruel dictatorship for the following many military regimes like Hitler’s Nazi Army. It was not a democracy. A dual king monarch were present hailing from legendary tribes and they were always chosen regardless of their caliber, capability or any form of vote-but solely on the fact of ancestral roots. Furthermore, there were Ephors, which originally were three in number, later they were five, along with the higher assembly just like the modern Senate called ‘Guresia’ which was comprised of 60 year or above senior citizens who would play a very major role in judicial, foreign policy and military organization decisions along with ephors/magistrates. Guresia, basically was the legislative assembly; law making duty was assigned to them which was only based on the warrior state making agenda, rather than the aspirations of all Spartans, helots an...

I believe education is right rather than privilege for the affording class only, education is the key to almost every issue, the failure of education spread has lead to the failure of Pakistan state to achieve its potential since 1947. Pakistan is not looking committed to raise its education budget, which is equal to the money spent on building few flyovers and bridges in Lahore alone by the present PMLn government. (geo news  bulletin  report, 7-2-2014). The negligible budget allocated is also mismanaged; administrative incapacity has allowed corruption to thrive. Consequently, high rates of adult illiteracy, gender and regional disparities, and uncoordinated public, private and religious systems of education. In South Asia, only Afghanistan is lagging behind Pakistan, therefore the country is barely prepared to cope with the challenges faced by one of the most populous country in the world with majority of Youth Population. Moreover curricular reform of Madaris is als...

The word democracy comes from Greek word ‘demos’ meaning rule of people. In fact, the famous form of government also originated in one of the historical cities of Greek, Athens. World needs to thank this birthplace of democracy. However, In Pakistan, democracy is still in its infancy stages and undergoing an evolutionary process. The founding father of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah, envisioned Pakistan as a purely democratic state. However, he inherited a weak political party. The worst part was his early demise just after one year of the birth of Pakistan. The political intuitions, judiciary, law enforcing agencies and parliament were not established yet. Pakistan lacked genus and trained supply of skillful politicians and civil servants initially. This lack of infrastructure meant a topsy-turvy, instable and uncertain future of democracy. Another big blow to the system was subsequent military coups. The civil military tensions grew as early as this nation state came into being....

The Dancing Girl Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are two of the sites where once the great Indus Valley Civilization resided, Several artifacts, tools and other founding’s are collected which made archaeologists and historians to predict the language, culture, tradition, social , economic and political scenario of this ancient civilization. I am going to focus on remain that is a bronze statuette of a dancing girl which is present at the National Museum of Delhi, its almost 4500 years old, 10.5 centimeters high, found at HR area of Mohenjo-Daro in 1926. The delicate and skillful carving of bronze into statue reflects that they were artistic individuals who had the expertise in shaping the complex designing of this and other models. Moreover, they knew complicated methods of thrashing, melting, casting and other aspects of metallurgy. They possibly possessed the knowledge of metals and making of alloys, furthermore they might have grasped the knowledge of the characteristics of malleabil...